which of the following is an example of man made ecosystem

which of the following is an example of man made ecosystem

The accurate option is D (b) and (c) above.
Artificial ecosystems, also known as man-made ecosystems, rely on human efforts for sustenance. They lack a self-regulating mechanism and exhibit minimal diversity with simplistic food webs. The nutrient cycling within these ecosystems is negligible. Examples of man-made ecosystems encompass villages, towns, cities, rivers, orchards, dams, gardens, lakes, crop fields, aquariums, and agricultural areas.

An ecosystem refers to a geographical region where plants, animals, and other organisms coexist with weather and the surrounding landscape, creating a delicate web of life. Within an ecosystem, there are biotic components (living organisms) and abiotic factors (non-living elements). Biotic factors encompass plants, animals, and other organisms, while abiotic factors encompass rocks, temperature, and humidity.

Every factor within an ecosystem is interconnected, directly or indirectly. For instance, a change in temperature can significantly impact the plant species that thrive in the ecosystem. Animals reliant on these plants for sustenance and shelter must adapt, relocate to a different ecosystem, or face potential extinction.

Ecosystems wiki

These pools harbor seaweed, an algae that undergoes photosynthesis to produce food. Herbivores like abalone consume the seaweed, while carnivores such as sea stars prey on other organisms like clams or mussels within the tide pool. The existence and dynamics of tide pools are influenced by the ebb and flow of ocean water. Certain organisms, like seaweed, flourish when submerged during high tide, while others, like hermit crabs, thrive in the shallow pools left behind during low tide. Therefore, the biotic elements of an ecosystem rely on abiotic factors.

The Earth's entire surface comprises interconnected ecosystems. Often, ecosystems are interconnected within larger biomes, which encompass vast areas of land, sea, or atmosphere. Examples of biomes include forests, ponds, reefs, and tundra. These biomes are broadly classified based on the types of flora and fauna that inhabit them. Each forest, pond, reef, or section of tundra comprises numerous distinct ecosystems.

Consider the Sahara Desert biome, which encompasses a diverse range of ecosystems. The arid climate and scorching temperatures define this biome. Within the Sahara, oasis ecosystems exist, characterized by date palm trees, freshwater sources, and creatures like crocodiles. The desert also boasts dune ecosystems, shaped by the wind's shifting patterns. Organisms residing in these ecosystems, such as snakes or scorpions, must endure extended periods in the sandy dunes. Surprisingly, the Sahara even encompasses a marine environment, where the Atlantic Ocean generates cool fogs along the northwestern African coast. Shrubs and animals, including goats, that feed on small trees inhabit this particular ecosystem within the Sahara.